An ankle sprain is one of the most common types of sports injuries, although anybody can experience a sprain with a sudden misstep or accidental fall. If treated properly, most ankle sprains will heal within a relatively short period of time with no long-lasting effects. Knowing how to recognize a sprain and when to see a doctor can help reduce the risk of complications.

What Is an Ankle Sprain?

An ankle sprain occurs when one or more of the ligaments around the ankle becomes stretched or torn. A sprain happens when excessive pressure is placed on these ligaments. The injury usually occurs when the foot is rolled inward and the outer ankle ligaments are stretched.

Signs You May Have an Ankle Sprain

Sudden pain, either dull or sharp, is usually the first sign of an ankle sprain. A sprain often results in inflammation of the affected ligaments. Injury-related trauma sometimes causes varying degrees of swelling and may induce bruising if the sprain was caused by a severe impact, twist, or hard fall. Initial remedies typically include:

• Periodic applications of ice
• Over-the-counter pain relievers
• Elevation of the affected leg and ankle
• Rest and modification of activities

Diagnosing an Ankle Sprain

Diagnosing an ankle sprain starts with checking for tenderness or swelling in the affected area. X-rays are usually taken to determine if there is additional damage such as a fracture or break of the ankle bone itself. An MRI may be necessary to confirm the extent of soft tissue damage, especially if a ligament has been torn. Image testing can also rule out other related problems.

When to See a Foot Doctor

Swelling should start to go down within 24 to 48 hours of sustaining an ankle injury. If it doesn’t, your primary care physician may refer you to a foot doctor for further examination. Seek treatment immediately if you can’t stand on your foot at all or if the pain extends beyond your ankle to your lower foot or the part of your leg above your ankle.

Surgery is rarely required for an ankle sprain, even when a torn ligament is involved. If the sprain is severe, treatment from a foot doctor may include the recommendation for physical therapy so supporting muscles can be strengthened in a way that’s safe and beneficial. When icing isn’t providing relief or pain is severe, seek medical attention from a foot and ankle specialist sooner rather than later to avoid further injury to supporting tissues.